Music video inspiration (Miss Georgiou)

Music video 1- Shake It Off- Taylor Swift

1. What is the genre of the music video?
The video 'Shake It Off' would be categorised under the pop genre. 

2. What's the style of the music video? 
The video is a dance music video with the purpose of making everyone feel good and although they want to dance. They appeal to everyone within the video showcasing different types of dancers and genres of dancing within the video.

3. How is the artist represented? 
Taylor Swift is represented in a positive light. She is shown to be able to comfortably mix with the different dancers and people within the video indicating to the audience that she is friendly and relatable. This is refreshing to an audience member as artists are often shown to be living desired lifestyles and to only hang around with other celebrities making their life seem both prestige and exclusive. As well as this through being able to take the micky out of herself and her attempts to dance make her seem light hearted and able to take a joke making her more appealing to her target audience of young children. 

4. How are the micro elements featured within the video? 

All the videos are taken place within a studio with just an adaptation of the scene. Therefore the iconography is important within each section of the video as it gives away the intended setting of the video. For instance, within the ballet scene a ballet bar is used to reinforce the dance genre as the girls featured are just wearing regular dance attire so the bar differentiates the scene. 

There are many different choices and uses of hair, make-up and costumes to reflect each scene of the video. For instance within the ballet scene Taylor is shown with minimal make-up, a ballet bun and tutu all stereotypical attributes to the ballet dance genre. 

Music video 2- Chandelier- Sia

1. What is the genre of the music video?
The video 'Chandelier' by Sia is in the dance category however more an indie dance routine as opposed to techno. 

2. What's the style of the music video? 
The video is dance routine however the video has an edgy feel choosing to feature unusual choreography compared to dance routines found within typical videos. 

3. How is the artist represented? 
The artist Sia is not featured within the song. Instead the video chooses to focus upon a dancer who portrays the story from within the song and lyrics. The dancer chosen is 'Maddie' from the popular and successful TV show 'Dance Moms'. Within the video Maddie adopts a blonde wig and so indicates at the identity and look of the artist leaving subtle hints as to who the artist is. The choice to not show Sia sing leaves her as mysterious which would add to the interest of the singer enhancing her interest as she is an unestablished artists.

4. How are the micro elements featured within the video? 

The video is set within an abandoned house. This gives the video an eery edge typical to the indie genre. As well as this iconography is used within the form of drapes along the wall. This gives the dancer a prop to dance with including the setting within the routine and making the dance a whole. A chair is also used within the video to reiterate that the setting is a house.

As the video is based around a dance routine the video relies on facial features and body language to help express the meaning of the song as the video does not reflect the visuals to the music video. Therefore the audience rely on the facial expressions of the dancer to portray the emotion behind the song. 

There is very little colour with both the hair, make up and costume and the setting within the music video as it remains within the neutral pallet uses creams and beiges on both the walls and the dancers outfit. Therefore the dancer blends with the background not drawing attention to herself but rather the video as a whole. As well as this the hair used is not the dancer Maddies hair instead she adopts a short blonde wig similar to the hairstyle of Sia herself subtly including the artist within the video.

Close ups are used within the routine to draw focus and attention onto the dancer when she displays key emotions and facial expressions. This ensures the audience understand the emotional intent of the song as well as promoting the dancer Maddie. As the dancer is already well known this appeals to the viewers watching the video to see Maddie as she is featured looking different to her typical appearance confirming her identity. 

Music video 3- Not the only one- Sam Smith 

1. What is the genre of the music video?
The genre of the music video would be soul. 

2. What's the style of the music video? 
The style of the video is narrative based and portrays a love story. 

3. How is the artist represented? 
Sam is only represented for short clips within the song. He allows the narrative to play out yet shows shorts amounts of himself singing so the audience connects the song to himself helping to promote him as an artist without being overbearing. 

4. How are the micro elements featured within the video? 

Within the setting of the video shows the location being set within a large house. It suggests the ideas of wealth and luxury which coincides with the fact the song is about loosing as it appears the couple featured within the narrative of the music video have it all. This makes the audience of the video desire the lifestyle and the house featured within the video however let them understand and realise that money and wealth do not correlate with happiness sending a message within the setting to the viewers. This relates to the cinematography within the video as long shots are used within a lot of the music video to show the background whilst still showing the character. As well as potentially belittling the characters as they seem only a small part of the shot it also reinforces the idea of how what you own does little for you personal happiness. This is also shown as within the bar and toilet the man is shown to be happy and fulfilled despite being in a dive bar a complete opposing setting to his grand house. 

In terms of iconography objects such as gas are shown to express visually how mad the woman within the video is as she is a scorned lover. The idea of being able and willing to burn something shows just how angry she is portraying to the audience the intensity of her emotions. Iconography such as wine also suggest a lot to the audience as alcohol is often suggested to 'drown sorrows' emphasising her sadness to the viewers. As well as this as alcohol is often a relied upon source for many to turn to for comfort it makes the scene and the emotions the actress feels noticeable and relatable to the audience allowing them to express empathy to her. 

The hair of the leading lady within the music video is tied up into a small bun which reinforces the idea that she is a higher classed, sophisticated person. This contrasts with the person who is portrayed as 'the other woman' as she is shown with large 

With positioning of the characters the lady within the music video throughout most of the video is positioned on the floor hunched over into a little ball. This denotes the ideas of nico being broken, vulnerable and weak as without her man she feels alone and worthless. This is 

Music video 4- Thinking Out Loud- Ed Sheeran 

1. What is the genre of the music video?
Ed Sheeran is a pop acoustic artist who has covers a range of music genres however this song is stereotypical of his signature style. 

3. How is the artist represented? 
Ed is represented as loving, considerate and an equal partner. He is seen to offer stability within the moves included within the dance and therefore we assume this is foreshadowed within a relationship suggesting he is strong and considerate.  

4. How are the micro elements featured within the video?

The very first shot of the music video shows Brittany dancing as a silhouette in front of a red curtain. The silhouette makes Brittany seem mysterious as well as achieving voyeurism due to the fact that her face cannot be seen and so the audience is forced to focus on her body parts. The colour of red behind her is also an indexical signifier of passion.

The mise en scene of the costumes used imitate wedding outfits as Brittany is wearing a white dress and Ed is wearing a suit. Firstly, white connotes purity, which enhances Brittany’s beauty and introduces this idea that she is a pure, angelic bride. Ed’s suit also makes him appear like a groom, as well as making him seem professional and rich. The dance they are doing also mimics a couples first dance at their wedding because of the setting, with the dance floor, chairs and tables and piano, mimicking a wedding reception hall.

The couple are alone in the dance hall with spotlights on them. This introduces the idea that they are in their own world. This is symbolic of how strong their love is and that it is all that they need in the world. This helps to further enhance the passion of their relationship and makes audiences envious of what they have.

Music video 5- Drunk In Love- Beyonce 

1. What is the genre of the music video?
The genre of the music video is pop/rap.

2. What's the style of the music video? 
The style of the music video is performance with incorporation of elements of dance. 

3. How is the artist represented? 
The artist is represented as loving and to be within a happy healthy relationship which would be envious for fans who crave the same desires and love. As well as this through creating a voyeristic treatment of Beyonce's body her petite toned figure presents her as healthy and someone who takes care of herself. The private location of the beach connotes money and a lavish lifestyle.

4. How are the micro elements featured within the video? 
There is low level lighting used within the music video which creates an intimate setting and vibe which is reflected upon the lyrics and visuals of the video. The choice of a simple black bikini within the video shows beyonces look as achieveable which would appeal to her female fans and audiences. The use of this also goes along with the bland colour scheme within the video which could be to connote how there love is simple and effortless as they know they have colour within their lives but its not overcomplicated when alone and together. 

Research into chosen music genre (Miss Georgiou)

1. What is your chosen music genre and why?

Our chosen music genre is soul. We decided to chose this genre as it allows us more creative freedom when making our music video. This is as soul music often choses to portray a narrative so we will be able to link the lyrics and the video clearer and convey both the lyrics and the song more effectively. 

Artist 1; Amy Winehouse- Rehab

                                          

1. What are the codes and conventions within the music video?

The soul music genre is stereotypically connected to that of the blues and jazz. This is confirmed within the music video with many of the scenes of 'Rehab' featuring a jazz band suggesting that the jazz element featured within the music video has heightened importance to nearly match that of the artist. 

2. How miss-en-scene is used? 

The setting of the music video subverts to that stereotypically featured within the soul genre as Amy is shown within a charactered house which appears old and almost abandoned. This is stereotypical as the soul genre aims to connect to people through a mutual storyline or situation opposing ideas of the pop genre who appeal to their target audience by making them desire the lifestyle of the featured artist. The use of the everyday locations too such as the office makes the story relatable to the audience whilst the ending of the song being filmed within a supposed rehab centre conveys the lyrics as it portrays the centre as a bland prison almost facility explaining why Amy has reluctance to go. 

The costumes used within the the video are very basic supporting the videos location. At the beginning she is shown with just a basic white tee and dressing gown, she then moves on to dress in a leather jacket before changing to a white shirt dress. All simple basic looks on Amy are achievable to the audience as well as making her look at one with the different locations used. In terms of hair and make-up Amy is shown sporting her signature cat eyed winged liner typical of the 60's genre. By presenting Amy in her usual fashion appeals to her existing fan base by playing upon her usual style. The 60's inspiration is stereotypical of soul genre confirms her musical genre and complements her soulful voice. 

Amy is sat down throughout a lot of the video helping to blend her in with the surrounding band and scenery. Although she remains central to the screen helping to maintain the audiences focus she manages to do it subtly allowing the shot and concept of each location of the video to be noted. This is as the soul genre does very little in terms of routine performance instead the videos often just highlights artists musical talents. As well as this through sitting down shows how Amy is defeated reflecting the idea of the lyrics. 

3. What are the main camera shots used?

4. What's the target audience?
As Amy is a young artist she mainly appeals to those her own age. Her trouble past and her ability to convey this to the audience appeals to those in a similar situation who take comfort in her upfront honesty on her current situation. Through her known drug and drink problems helps her connect and relate to those with the same issues or know someone with these issues. This in mind, combined with her classic soul voice and unique flare helps her appeal and cater to all variations of audiences and ages leaving her with a vast target audience. However her main target audience is young adults aged 14-30 who are typically more emotionally strung. 

5. How is the artist represented?
Amy is represented as troubled and misunderstood. This is as she has been made to feel although she needs to convey her personal life and situation to her audience to explain and express her point of view. Part of this is as Amy was often attacked within the media with her personal drug battles highlighted and utilised for press headlines. Her featured within the industry and overall safety was a concern with not only her target audience but spectators so her decision or protesting attitude to going to rehab was concerning. Amy therefore was able to show why to her audience letting them in making her feel trust worthy as well as desperate. This is shown when she states 'I don't ever wanna drink again,  I just, ooh, I just need a friend'. Saying this shows hows she consciously wants to make changes but needs friends rather than peer pressure. 

6. What is the style of the music video?
The style of the music video as with a majority of Amy's songs and videos is Soul with elements of Jazz. 

7. How is Godwin's theory on music video characteristics used?
A fifth element of Godwin's theory tells that there is often particularly voyeuristic treatment of the females body. This is shown with the music video Rehab however it is not the main focus. Instead the camera and costumes together work to create flattering images of her legs highlighting their length. As well as this they're is a section of a panning shot which just shows Winehouse's breasts as she's crouch over appealing to the male audiences interested within her musical style and taste.

As well as this Godwin states a relationships between music and visuals is needed. This however is not apparent within the music video with even the chorus 'they try to make me go to rehab but I won't go, go, go' proves incorrect as Amy is shown to be in a hospital/rehab centre at the last frame. However the visuals do link to the section 'He said, I just think you're depressed, kiss me, yeah baby, and go rest'. Although a kiss isn't demonstrated linking to the idea the lyrics are not correctly demonstrated the concept of resting could explain the bed and 'forced rest'. 

To add to this as a result of demands of the record label music videos often need to include a lot of close-ups of the artist. This element is abided to within the 'Rehab' music video with the opening shot being a close up of Amy's face creating instant brand and artist recognition. Through being able to closely see and relate to Amy gives her fans a better understanding and look at her allowing them to have visuals to connect them to the artist as well as help found a relationship with her. Her signature look at close range could also appeal to her fans who may wish to copy and draw inspiration from her style allowing them grounds to copy allowing her create a certain motif around her artistic brand and name.

Artist 2; Adele- Rolling in the Deep

 

1. What are the codes and conventions within the music video?

Elements of jazz (instruments)

2. How miss-en-scene is used? 

The setting of the video is an abandoned house. This is a clever use of miss-en-scene as the scene reflects the emotions of Adele throughout the song as she too was left to her own devises and discarded. As well as this one unusual form of iconography used is the use of water glasses. With dozens of full glasses filled with water laid out filling the floor is used to convey the beat of the song as the water trembles. However their half full ratio could portray the optimistic side of Adele how she believes she will love again or the idea that she is full with vengeance and rage. To add to this the use of a chair simplifies the music video. It makes the video seem more realistic and natural as well as 

The combination of the mise-en-scene element of hair, make up and costume has a detectable and noted 60s inspiration. This is noticed through Adele's beehive hair hair do and head band. This was a classic signature style of the 60's adopted by many women. The theme is continued with the use of natural make-up with pale skin and a statement winged cat eyeliner favourable at the time. To add to this the choice of clothing of a black dress makes Adele stand out from the white background drawing attention to the artist within a classic understated way. 

In terms of lighting and colour the video shows the introduction of lights with the drumming begins within the song flashes incoherence to the beat of the drum reinforcing and making the music seem more powerful. On the other hand the colour theme throughout is black and white showing a neutral concept and pallet. This makes the artist merge with the surroundings suggesting she is part of a larger picture as well as appealing to the 60's theme.

The positioning of characters and objects within the video is very important within portraying the song. Adele is shown to be sitting on a chair throughout her whole performance showing her as defeated as she remains stationary not able to conjure the energy for a performance. As well as this the singular chair within the middle of the room highlights how she is alone identifying with the concept of a scorned lover as she is completely alone without her partner to comfort her and be by her side. 

3. What are the main camera shots used?
One of the main camera shots used is close ups. This is as apart from the supporting drummer and dancer, who's faces are undetected, the video solely features Adele and so it is vital for the audience to see her face in order to allow them to connect emotionally to the song. This is as Adele face is zoomed in during certain sections of the song which need her to convey her emotions such as parts which involves subtly links to being a scorned lover. Through seeing her emotions the audience are then able to empathise towards Adele and her situation or relate to the feelings expressed that as an viewer they may have experienced themselves. Overall this helps contextually relate the audience and Adele making them feel they can relate helping create a relationship.

4. Who's Adele's target audience? 
Adele, although effectively appealing to the mass market, has a majority female target audience and fan base. 

5. How is the artist represented?
As an artist Adele is represented as alone and cold. This is as her performance shows her remaining stationary sitting on a chair throughout. Her inability to perform could be portrayed as cold as despite appearing facial expressions suggesting ideas of hurt she remains emotionally melancholy. As the song is supposedly expressing ideas and themes of being a scorned lover the typical or expected emotions would see her as distraught and broken reflecting and bitter upon a relationship she seems shut off instead allowing herself express her pain and vengeful anger through the vocals and lyrics. 

6. What is the style of the music video?
Adele's style is typically categorised within the soul/blues genre. 

7. How is Godwin's theory on music video characteristics used?
A fifth element of Godwin's theory tells that there is frequently reference notion of looking featured within videos such as screens within screens and telescope effects and there is often particularly voyeuristic treatment of the females body. The video for rolling in the deep ignores this instead showing Adele looking demure with a long black dress. This however, despite appealing to Adele's maturer target audience more effectively, could also be a reflection of the song. This is as the song is about being hurt through love, opening your heart and being left, scorned and upset. Through covering herself up could then show how she is closed off and no longer wants a mans attention whilst her heart recovers.

Finally Godwin states that a video needs to be performance based narrative based or concept based. Adele's video although when thought about would be categorised as mainly a performance based video doesn't necessarily class as any of the options. This is as the video is bland focusing on a dancer, drummer and Adele. She chooses not to portray the story with a narrative and doesn't convey a message yet her performance is weak not even looking at the cameras. Instead the cameras focus on the iconography elements included as metaphors for the hurt or to convey the lyrics. 

3. How has your research into your chosen music genre assisted you with planning your own music video?
My research has been very beneficial as through analysing successful music videos within the soul genre I have gained a better understanding of the styles and concepts within the videos that appeal to their and my target audience. The research was particularly beneficial within the mise-en-scene elements as the elements require in-depth decisions from an array of choices to choose from in terms of where to shoot and music video and what to include within it so by gaining knowledge from both the 'Rehab' and 'Rolling in the deep' videos has been very beneficial in hopefully helping me and my group make decisions faster and help create a more rounded clear image towards our music video. As well as this despite appealing to different target audience, although in the same musical genre, Ive found that there were a lot of musical tastes and decisions similar to each of the music videos helping confirm stereotypical venues and camera angles used within soul genre music. 

Analysis of a Star and Dyers Star Theory (Miss Miller)

1. Why may artists feel the need to reinvent themselves?
An artist may want to reinvent themselves for many reasons. Some of these may be personal reasons why others may be encouraged by the artists record label and PR as a strategised career move in order to further their career securing a future within the industry. One way they may do this is changing the genre of style of the artists music in order to attract a new target audience. This could be because the artist has seen a recent slump in sales or interest as they're music has become out dated so they decide to move with the times and create entertainment targeted to the current tastes of music audiences. By doing this the artist is musically resurrected re-entering the music scene as fresh and current with a new audience interested. 
The artist may personally chose to reinvent themselves as they are tired of their old image and may personally be struggling to be inspired and passionate staying within their current genre. This may also happen as when artists grow old and perhaps mature of gain more life experience their tastes in music may change and they may want to express themselves differently to how they were first branded.
As well as this an artist may choose to reivent themselves strategically in order to increase and heighten their success within the music industry. This is as their existing genre may limit them meaning they are niche market appealing to the minority audiences and a certain age category or bracket. So by appealing to a wider audience the artist inventively will increase there fan base which will see an increase in album and single sales which ultimately increases there overall revenue.

Finally an artist may choose to do this in order to create publicity. The music industry is extremely competitive and as a result the top charts are constantly changing. Through choosing to adapt with times and reinvent themselves the artist will ultimately create publicity raising awareness and recognition of not only the artists music but them as a brand. On the other hand, in some cases an artist may want to change their image as a result of previous bad press. Through causing too many scandals the artist may have received a lot of bad press and whilst this would tarnish they're public image and popularity although they are made aware of, too much press and exposure to the public eye could leave the artist as predictable, boring and repetitive. 

One example of an artist who have recently controversially updated her image and reinvent herself is Miley Cyrus. 

Earlier Miley- The Climb

Transitional Miley- Can't Be Tamed

Current Miley- We Can't Stop

2. Godwins theory (3 points) what point have you identified, where is it used, what is the purpose.
Godwin's theory states that in order to be successful there needs to be a relationship between lyrics and visuals within the music video. For the first video the lyrics are about a 'Climb' stating 'Ain't about how fast I get there, Ain't about what's waiting on the other side it's the climb' and although metaphorically used to encourage her fans to preserver and continue aspiring to their dreams the video matches the connotations of the lyrics featuring Miley travelling and 'climbing' up a mountain. In the second video Miley is also seen to subvert to Godwin's theory. The songs lyrics and message indicates her brewing wild side and frustrations at society labelling and expecting her to behave in a certain manner which is shown through the chorus where she repeats 'I can't be tamed'. This matches the visuals as in the music video Miley is dressed up as a bird which the narrative of the story explains is rare and expected to be extinct. The bird is trapped within a cage for the amusement and entertainment of others as people gather to take pictures. Miley then breaks out into dance reiterating the lyrics that she can't be tamed as a result of not wanting to be suggesting a desire of freedom and escape from her celebrity lifestyle. Finally in the video 'We Can't Stop' Miley sings about partying and living the stereotypical young adult lifestyle where she states 'It's our party we can do want we want to, It's our house we can love who we want, It's our song we can sing if we want to, It's my mouth I can say what I want to'. This is shown through the visuals as Miley is shown to be throwing a house party reiterating the lines about partying she then is shown to be flirting with both male and female extras showcasing the line where 'we can love who we want to' whilst the line it's my mouth I can say what I want to is shown through the image of a mouth with the censorship label across it suggesting that as an artist she is typically creatively restricted and corrected.

To add to this Godwin's theory shows how as a result of demands of the record label music videos often need to include a lot of close-ups of the artist. This is a key and used feature within Miley's music videos as her music sells and gains through popularity not only through her extreme videos and personality allowing her videos to often an almost escapism element, she also relates heavily to the audiences and fan base writing her songs about current issues or phases they may be going through. Therefore through using lots of close ups the audience are able to connect to Miley and feel empathy or relate ability towards the emotions she expresses. As well as this through showing close ups of Miley's performance she is able to reiterate or express the mood and emotion felt within the song and the lyrics reinforcing the message of the song.

A fifth element of Godwin's theory tells that there is often particularly voyeuristic treatment of the females body. In the first video Miley is still young and appealing to her Hannah Montanna fan base so the video and her record label instead appealed to the interests of her fan base which includes her hair, clothing and dance routines. In the second video 'Can't Be Tamed'', Miley is dressed in a revealing outfit with PVC elements. It leaves little to the imagination and shows her as a maturer and now desired sex figure showing how she is now appealing to a maturer audience and also making her music appealing to both genders as her fan base was majority girls. However in the final and most up to date video 'We Can't Stop' Miley has a number of revealing outfits often with knicker type hemlines. In the pool Miley's swimming consume is also see-through just covering her nipples. This again reiterates this sex like figure that her record label is trying to create making her seem more desired. As well as this Miley is also seen to be tweaking and sticking out her bum accentuating her curves and 'assets' confirming her voyeuristic treatment of her body. 

3. Genre and generic conventions- What is the genre of the artists and the three videos analysed. is it conventional
Miley Cyrus is known as her work and associations within the pop genre however Miley's earlier song 'The Climb' could be categorised as country folk. To add to this her song 'Can't Be Tamed' is pop with heavy elements of rock whilst her latest video 'We Can't Stop' is solely pop. This is conventional to Miley as her dad and too recording artist Billy Ray Cyrus is a country artist so it makes sense that Miley's earliest songs reflect this upbringing and influence. However her then cross over into other genres is stereotypical as it shows how she has experimented within different genres in order to find what best fits her as an establishing artist. 

4. Artists image/dyers image- how is the artist, how is dyers theory applied
How does the video represent the artist?

Can the artist be viewed as a product?
Is the artist both ordinary and extraordinary?
Yes, Miley through growing up with her fans and in the view of the public
Does the video place fans for or against hegemony?

5. What is the artists target audience? 
Miley cyrus gained her famous status through appearing on the hit disney TV show 'Hannah Montanna'. At the time Miley's target audience were pre-teens and young teenagers. Since her music has developed Miley has changed her image and therefore appeals to a new demographic and target audience which is more mature such as 15-25 year olds. The sudden change from her previous target audience which saw her ditch her previous disney princess image to a more controversial level of performance. This sparked outrage as it was said to be unfair as Miley's younger's fan were excluded from her work with many of her videos being deemed inappropriate and censored. However many of Miley's original fans, from her Hannah Montana stint, have grown up along with the artist and are going through similar situations to the artist making them more relatable and having a greater connection to the artist as they have grown up and matured together. Therefore, Miley may be seen to be moving with the times and growing up along with her fan base whilst experimenting with new sounds. 

6. Messages and values in the music video and also of the time. what messages/ values is the artist portraying? have they changed? why is that, is it in accordance with the era
In the earlier video 'Climb' by Miley Cyrus, Miley is shown to promote the optimistic message to her fans to continue to follow their dreams and enjoy the journey to achieve it as well as encouraging them to persevere and accept the fall backs that may come with trying to be successful. In her second video Miley seems to use the video as an opportunity to vent her own frustrations. She uses the music video to show how she feels enclosed and trapped through her rising fame and suggests a troubled relationship with paparazzi. This allows her to get her point across conveying her personal troubles with her fans making them feel trusted and connected to her and feel although they can relate and have a better understanding of the artist and their lifestyle. This conveys a different message to her previous song as where the first promoted dreams the second shows the downfalls and drawbacks maybe not expected or appreciated that come as a result of success showing that what we aim to achieve and strive for may not be as good as we may have hoped showing a more real and conditional message. Lastly in 'We Can't Stop' Miley instead shows how she has released her wild child and will not let society tame or adapt her into someone or something more socially desired and acceptable faintly touching on the message to be yourself and to not let anyone change you or stop you from being who you are. Negatively the song may show her young fans to rebel and become wild which they would role model and imitate showing punishable and generally 'bad' behaviour.

Research into the diversity of music videos (Miss Miller)

1. What makes a music video diverse and unique?

In order for a music video to be diverse to a particular artist the video concept created either must subvert their music genres characteristics or the artists previous work. As well as this to then be unique the video must be one of a kind and different from anything else whether when compared to the artist or the music genre. When in combination with each other it allows the artist to create a diverse music video which is unidentifiable with its current fan base. Through being so diverse this should create a hype surrounding the video which encourages others to watch the video whether currently a fan of their music or not broadening the artists audience. 

2. Introduction into Cunningham
Chris Cunningham is a video music director renowned for his diverse visions and creations when working with artists. His work is popular and often takes artists out of their comfort zones along with their audiences to create a diverse and unique music video. Cunningham has worked with a diverse range of artists which spread broadly over the different music genres. 

For instance Chris Cunningham directed the video for 'Frozen' by Madonna a considerably darker and more gothic piece in comparison to her typical pop videos subvert her usual genre of music know from her fans. As Godwin's theory states an artist's record company will often desire close ups of the artist to feature within the music video. This is apparent within the 'Frozen' clip as Madonna is often zoomed in on within section of the song. Although typically a trait used to express the emotion felt by the artist about or within the song, instead subverting the general use Madonna is shown to be cold face with little emotion reflecting the title of the song 'Frozen'. 
By doing this it also allows her viewers to gain a relationship with her sensing her cold emotions understanding the deeper meaning of the song. Godwin's theory also states that the lyrics should match the visuals. Again Cunningham effectively does this in an extreme and creative way using editing and effects to turn Madonna into a bird foreshadowing the lyrics "". This element of a bird involves the concept of freedom and encouraging free spirits and is enhanced by Madonnas performance which is directly focused on promoting both her and the message of the song. 

Cunningham also directed the video for Aphex Twins called 'Window Licker'. With his music generally being categorised under the electro/house genre Cunningham again created a diverse music video which was narrative based before the song creating a story like effect. Typically within the electro/house genre a party scene is particularly favoured promoting the music and base within the song. However subverting this stereotype Cunningham creates a video which would be better suited to the rap genre as it features girls and a lavish lifestyle, indicated by the limo, designed to be desired by the viewers and typical to rap music videos.
This links with the familiar and stereotypical narrative that there is a chase for girls yet the girls go with the richer guy. As Godwin's theory states a music video should aim to promote the artist and the song. Adapting this theory Cunningham uses effects to photoshop the head of the artist onto anothers body promoting the artist yet in an deceiving manner.

3. Introduction into Gondry
Michel Gondry is also a desired video director and is noted for his inventive visual style and manipulation of mise en scene. His work is repetitive often layering over screens to create a intricate look which looks to promote and feature solely the artist in question. Gondry has worked with many big names within the music industry including Kylie Minoque and White Stripes. 

For instance Gondry directed the video for the song 'Push the buttons' by the White Stripes who are a rock orientated band. Gondary abides to the stereotypes of rock band focusing solely on the artists performance and the instruments enhancing the music as opposed to demonstrating the lyrics. Due to this Gondary only slightly conforms to Godwins theory where close ups are needed to promote the artist, as although some are used the video uses the artist as scenery as opposed to the most important often demonstrated by being centre screen. 
As White Stripes is a rock band Gondary has made the video appear  amateurish and low budget. This is shown through the mise-en-scene element of hair, make-up and clothing as with other music genres the image of the star is often heightened to make their lifestyle look lavish and desired The White Stripes are dressed in casual clothing appearing almost scruffy with a colour scheme of red and white which blends with both their instruments and setting making them appear as one. This is typical of a rock band and Gondary, through doing this and shooting the video in a low budget everyday setting makes The White Stripes appear grounded, accessible and relatable which would appeal to their laid back rock genre listeners. 

As well as this Michael also was director on the video 'Come into my world' by Kylie Minoque. Kylie is a predominately pop based artist and Gondry worked with this aspect creating a stereotypical music video appealing to her vast accumulated fan base. Unlike typical pop videos Kylie is dressed in a casual attire and in some scenes is deliberately made to blend in with the multiple members within the background and narrative. This is foreshadowed by her everyday acts such a dry-cleaning to show she is down to earth and normal, which would make her seem relatable and increasing her relationship with her fans. 
This is also achieve through Gondary using lots of close ups and zooms onto Kylie's face which Godwin states is crucial when trying to connect to fans. Also, as stated in Godwin's theory, Kylie connects to her lyrics and visuals as she continuously walks around the same scene duplicating herself as she repeats 'come into my world'. This matches the visuals as through maintaining in the same circle throughout appears to be a metaphor for her life going round and round. 
The duplication of people could be suggesting that theres always room for more people within her world whilst the monotonous feel of the video suggests she's just repeating her life as normal waiting for someone to come into her world and change it. As well as this, just as Godwin's theory states the music and video also match. This is as the video continues with the same clip over and over reflecting the repetitive lyrics of the song. This in turn simplifies the song matching it easier to learn and therefore more catchy. 

4. Conclusion
To conclude upon consider the music industry which is very competitive I would understand why an artist would choose to create a diverse music video. There can be many benefits of creating a different type of music video as... For instance the video may appeal to a new target audience exposing them to more viewers which would expand the promotion of the artist. As well as this through viewing the video certain members of the audience could and  creating a positive buzz surrounding the artist. It also enables the artist to reinvent themselves and expose they're more diverse musical abilities keeping their music and image fresh and appealing as opposed to dated. As well as this the videos, such as what Gondary and Cunningham create, allow the audience to appeal to artist on an intellectual level as through creating a unclear concept allows the audience to interpret the video differently personalising the message of the video and creating a relationship with the artist and possible emotional connection with the song heightening its popularity. 

Research into music censorship (Miss Miller)

1. What is censorship? 

Censorship is the suppression of speech. Within the music industry an artist may find their video becoming censored if it is deemed, by governments, media outlets, authorities or other such entities, as objectionable, harmful, sensitive or politically incorrect. For instance most popularly an artist who features swearing within their song could find their lyrics to be bleeped out or be pressured to release a 'clean version' changing the offensive language with a more socially acceptable replacement. The authoritative figures will make this decision with the intention of protecting their audiences such as young children so they too are able to enjoy music on public music stations or TV music channels without bad influences and without concern and monitoring from the parent. This is as young children often idolise and admire music artists so may be easily impressionable and find the language and messages from within the song socially acceptable before their time. 

2. Who are Ofcom within the music industry? 

Ofcom is the government-approved regulatory and competition authority for the broadcasting, telecommunications and postal industries of the United Kingdom. They review music videos pre release to determine the social acceptability of the video. This involves the videos concept, artists clothing and the lyrics. If the video does not meet their standards and patrolling guidelines an artist may find their music video banned or their lyrics censored. They often work alongside the artist giving them the opportunity to correct or change the song in order to still express their song and vision in a clean and approved manner. This is at least until 10 o'clock when the actual song and lyrics can be played as the artist intended on music channels and radio sites.

One example of an artist who has been censored through Ofcom is Eminem. For instance the song 'Kim' by Eminem was written by the artist as a ventilation at his ex wife Kim as they proceeded through the breakdown of their often volatile relationship and marriage. The song was banned as a result of the intentional nasty content featured within the lyrics and manner upon the song is performed as Eminem is seen to imitate his wife before killing her. The song was therefore banned and replaced with the clean version later renamed 'The Kids' as the song was said to promote and show a darker side to both domestic violence and murder in an aggressive intentional form. 

Miley Cyrus's video for "Wrecking Ball" became the most controversial and viral video of 2013 due to its features of the former teen star swinging naked on top of a wrecking ball and licking a sledgehammer. The video became the fastest viewed video of all time, reaching 100,000,000 views in just six days. A scene featuring a naked Cyrus was fully censored when it was aired on MTV.

3. Is censoring necessary? 
The censoring of a music video has received mixed opinions over whether it is necessary with a mixture of people stating both the benefits and drawbacks through 

Artist- In the opinion of the artist such a Eminem he believes that censoring has removed his freedom of speech, a human right, and he therefore can no longer express himself. As an artist of music, an artist uses a song to express a personal area of their lives and 

Record Label- For the record label, if an artist signed for them expresses themselves through inappropriate dances or lyrics they would most likely approve of censoring as then the song and video can be played freely upon all music channels and radios. This promotes the song further and enables everyone to listening the song helping boost the appearance and chances of the song being heard and makes it available to a wider audience. The most people who therefore listen and enjoy the song determines the success of the song so by only allowing a small percentage of an artist fan base or potential fan base to listen to the music as the artist intended would ultimately lead to the failure of the song. 

Parents FOR- Children can be very impressionable and susceptive to what they icons saying many imitating them to be just like them. As well as this children are impossible to monitor at all times so parents would take great comfort knowing they're child will not be exposed to indecent lyrics or videos without their knowing or parental consent. 

Parents AGAINST- Parents are a fan of music too and should not have to adapt their music tastes to suit they're child. A child can often benefit from, with guidance, being exposed to songs and videos which may otherwise be seen as indecent as it gives the parent an opportunity to in force whats right and wrong- fundamental lessons that kids learn regardless. By learning not to swear or copy certain words from a child's favourite artist is a lesson in forced by parents regardless rather than hearing it else where and not having the parental guidance to not repeat the artists words. As well as this children are often too naive to understand the true meaning of lyrics and parents often over compensate not considering that they're child will not know the true severity of a word or action demonstrated by an artists lyrics of video. 

Fans- I feel fans would have mixed opinions about whether or not to censor Eminem's music. This is as some may be a fan of his work and enjoy both the genre and messages he represents but through parental guidance or restrictions are unable to hear his music. Therefore they make appreciate the censoring of his music so they are still able to enjoy the music they like and appreciate the hype that surrounds the song as a fan would enjoy the song whether censored or not so through censoring his music Eminem ensures all his fans can enjoy his music rather than a select few. 
On the other hand the Fans of Eminem would want to hear his song the way he intended for it to be heard, hearing his vision as the message as he envisioned. They would therefore be against censoring as they should not have to listen to a different version for the benefit of a few, such a children who should not listen to his music and the channels he's played upon if they find his music offensive. 

4. Conclusion

In my opinion I do not find it necessary to censor artists. As an artist they are the equivalent to painters who are able to express them selves freely purely as young children are not exposed or have little interest within art. Through the popularity of their trade artist should not be punished through the withdrawal of their freedom of speech. They should be able to state what they wish and bring attention to issues such as murder and crime when problems such as these still air on the news. The music and entertainment industry should not be boycotted of issues such as these in the protection of children when they can still access the same issues on the everyday news. 

When creating my own music video I feel my group will not intentionaly abide to censorship rules. As our project we will express and convey the message of the song in a manner we wish unconsciously.

History of a music video (Miss Georgiou)

A music video or song video is a short video integrating a song and imagery, produced for promotional or artistic purposes. As a result of this music videos now play a crucial part in the popularity and hype that surrounds a song. They do this by promoting and allowing the audience to connect a face to the song which in turn helps promote the artist and allows the audience to create a relationship between themselves and the artist. This helps as a marketing device for the artist increasing the popularity and overall chart success of a song as a catchy music video can expand an artists fan base. As well as this music videos also create a visual to the song. This allows the artist to creatively make a concept surrounding the song and reinforce the message from the lyrics. This benefits the audience as it provides them with more entertainment as it allows them to enjoy the song for its lyric and through its narrative played out on screen. 
Although music is as popular as ever with many artist having an abundance of die hard fans who idolise them, the popularity of radios declined within houses when creations such as MTV and more currently youtube proved extremely popular as it became apparent that there was a demand and desire to watch a song and its video as well as listening to the song. 

Although the use of music videos dates back further where they were referred to as 'film clips' or just 'promotional videos' MTV are seen to have pioneered the music video when they made them much more prominent on the music scene in the 1980's. Currently however as a result of social media sights such as youtube artist have been able to promote their music more then ever as through being able to be seen world wide the importance of a music video has heightened in creating a successful song. The invention and popularity of the social media form has also helped create and promote artists from youtube stars to global phenomena's such as music star Justin Bieber. Through being discovered and created by his fans has heightened Justin's success as the viewers note he is self created making him admirable and they played part in his success giving them a relationship and a complicit role in his success. 

Below is a picture of the most watched youtube clips to date with a majority of successful music videos such as songs from youtube artists themselves such as 'Baby' by Justin Bieber and 'Gangnam Style' by Psy. 

In order to create the best video possible and to increase an artists song of success and therefore revenue they often needs to spend a lot to create the lavish and memorable videos that appear in the you tubes most popular videos. Below are some of the most expensive music videos created to date;

 

What is a music video? (Miss Miller)

1. What is the purpose of a music video?

A music video is a short film integrating a song and imagery, there are many purposes of a music video yet they are generally produced for promotional or artistic purposes. The use of a video to help promote an artist or a song is as a video will increase the popularity of the song and the artist as through visually being able to see the artist the audience can create a bond and relationship with them increasing the artists like-ability which directly collocates with the success and popularity of the song. 
Through being able to see the artist at a closer range will allow the audience an opportunity to buy into the artists lifestyle which is crucial as the audience needs to see  the artist lifestyle in order to desire and idolise the artist and their life. Through creating a video also helps promote the song itself as with social media sites such a youtube becoming increasing popular through being able to view the song whenever the viewer desires will increase the views of the song. 
A catchy conventional music video which appeals to the artists fan base will also help the audience to remember the music video helping them spread the word which will help attract a particular target audience and even and make the song available to a wider audience and fan base. 
As well as this the use of a music video helps the audience to understand more about a song. This happens as the artist is able to use their creativity to create a narrative which links with the song to reinforce and demonstrate the meaning of their song whilst providing entertainment. 

2. What is the style of the music video?

The style of the music video is pop yet the addition of Iggy Azelea appeals to the rap fans. The combination of both, each seperately successful within their music genres combines the number of fans and the different tastes of music creating a medium between rap and pop appealing to a vast amount of listeners. The concept of the music video has a noticeable 60's theme. For instance with the use of mes-en-scene and more specifically the portrayal of hair, costume and make-up on both Arianna and Iggy would have been very desired within the 60's era. Iggy is shown with a beehive and dramatically winged liner where as Arianna has a black sequinned mini dress with white thigh boots- a stereotypical outfit from this time. The 60's style is continued and also shown through the use of the setting. Although pop, the video subverts the typical colourful, fun video style and setting instead taking place in a studio. 

3. What are the codes and conventions of the music genre and how are they followed/adapted/challenged?

As a predominately pop track the music video is conventionally performanced based however their is no narrative featured within the video. One convention of the pop genre is bright colours to be featured however Ariana's video favours a black and white theme which seems to have a 60's disco theme. Which is enhanced by her choice to subvert another convention which states that pop music video often feature colourful clothes as instead Ariana chooses a monochrome theme again with a black dress and white over the knee boots.
Another convention of the pop genre is the people feautured in the music video are tend to be shown having fun whether partying, drinking or dancing. The problem video conforms to these conventions as although no alchohol is shown the video shows a dance routine which is perfomed through out.

4. Discussion on how and why the music video appeals to a particular target audience?

Arianna Grande's target audience is young girls so her use of synchronised yet replicatable dance moves would appeal to her fans who want wish to imitate her.  As both Iggy and Arianna are admired and idolised by young girls their stylish fashion, hair and make up choice for the video would appeal to young girls who are generally and stereotypically interested in fashion.